Package “Immune status”
The complement systemis an integral part of the innate immune system and acts as a bridge between innate and acquired immunity. It consists of a series of proteins that are mostly (though not exclusively) synthesized in the liver that are found in plasma and on cell surfaces as inactive precursors (zymogens).
There are nine primary complement proteins, which are designated C1 to C9. These components, in addition to the other proteins, work together by activating, amplifying, breaking down, and forming protein complexes that respond to infections, transplants, dead cell debris, or inflammation.
Complement tests measure the amount or function (activity) of complement proteins in the blood. Complement components can be measured individually or together to determine if the system is functioning normally. C3 and C4 are the most commonly measured complement proteins. Complement tests, most commonly C3 and C4, are used to determine if deficiencies or abnormalities in the complement system are causing or contributing to a patient’s disease or condition. Reduced complement levels are also associated with an increased risk of developing autoimmune disease. C3 and C4 levels are usually reduced in lupus, while only C3 is low in infection, especially those caused by fungi or parasites.
Decreased activity of the complement system is observed in:
- Recurrent microbial infections (usually bacterial);
- Autoimmune diseases, including lupus and rheumatoid arthritis;
- Hereditary angioedema;
- Acquired angioedema;
- Various types of kidney disease, including glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis IgA nephropathy, and rejection of kidney -transplants;
- Cirrhosis;
- Hepatitis;
- Malnutrition;
- Sepsis;
Complement protein levels usually rise, along with other unrelated proteins called acute phase proteins, during acute or chronic inflammation. All of these usually return to normal when the underlying disease has cleared.
The complement C4 test is one of the most commonly used tests. The test is most often prescribed when the presence of an autoimmune disease is suspected. The complement C4 test is also sometimes used to monitor protein levels in patients who have already been diagnosed with an autoimmune disease. Complement tests can provide physicians with valuable information about the effectiveness of current treatments for the autoimmune condition.
Package “IMMUNE STATUS”
- PCC with DCC
- CRP
- Antistreptolysin titer (AST)
- IgG
- IgM
- IgA
- C3 – complement
- C4 component
An additional sampling fee is payable.
